AP Stats Bayes’ Theorem Independence & Expected Value Simulations Unit 4

Worksheet: Breaking the Enigma

April 11, 2026

1 simulation

Unit: Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions (AP Stats Unit 4)
Topics: Conditional Probability & Bayes’ Theorem, Independence, Expected Value
In this worksheet, students take the role of codebreakers at Bletchley Park, using probability to evaluate WWII codebreaking methods. They use Bayes’ Theorem to assess the reliability of the Bombe machine, analyze how different methods used to break the Enigma, such as combining independent cribs and exploiting properties of the Enigma machine, affect the likelihood of successful decryption, and calculate expected value to prioritize which messages to decrypt.

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Simulation - Crack the Enigma

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Apply historical techniques used by Allied codebreakers in WWII to eliminate thousands of possible settings and crack a simplified Enigma machine, seeing the impact of each individual technique.

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